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Car Forum / Driving, Maintenance, Tuning / Car Audio / June 2004

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What was the big deal about isobaric enclosures?

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Scott Gardner - 24 May 2004 06:11 GMT
I haven't seen many isobaric subwoofer enclosures in recent years, and
while they were extremely popular for a while, looking back at it I
can't remember exactly what their appeal was in the first place.

If I remember correctly, the advantage was that you could put two
subwoofers in an enclosure volume that would normally only be enough
for one sub.  Since you could use two subs, you could use double the
amplifier power without having to make room for a larger enclosure.
This made sense back in the days before we had subs that could handle
the huge amounts power that today's subs can take.  If your sub could
only handle 500WRMS, you could put a second identical sub sharing the
same airspace and feed them with a total of 1,000 WRMS.

What confuses me is that I also recall that the isobaric enclosures
were less efficient than a traditional sealed box, by about 3 dB.
This 3 dB loss would seem to cancle the benefit of doubling the
amplifier power, so that your final SPL number from 500W into a single
sub in a sealed enclosure would end up being about the same as 1000W
into two identical subs in an isobaric enclosure.

So, what was the benefit of isobaric enclosures that made them so
popular (if only for a short time)?

Scott Gardner
ATS - 24 May 2004 07:48 GMT
The appeal in using an isobaric setup was that you could use 1/2 the air
space of one of the woofers. (ie. If one of the identical woofers normally
needed 1 cu. ft. of air space you could place both subs into .5 cu. ft. of
air space.) I think it quickly lost it's appeal due to the masses figuring
out that you had to use twice as much power and both woofers would only
create the output of one of the woofers normally (roughly). So the
advantage, less air space, Disadvantages? Twice as much money spent on amps
and speakers for the same output.

Noel Hanback

> I haven't seen many isobaric subwoofer enclosures in recent years, and
> while they were extremely popular for a while, looking back at it I
[quoted text clipped - 20 lines]
>
> Scott Gardner
Scott Gardner - 24 May 2004 08:04 GMT
That makes sense.  I thought that the volume requirement of two subs
in an isobaric enclosure was equal to that of one sub in a
conventional sealed enclosure.  If the volume requirement for both
subs is just *half* that of a single sub, then I guess it would be
attractive if you wanted to use a lot of power and a very small
enclosure.  With the currently-available selection of 1000+ Watt
amplifiers and 1000+ Watt subwoofers, I can see why isobaric
enclosures have fallen out of favor for the most part.

Scott Gardner

>The appeal in using an isobaric setup was that you could use 1/2 the air
>space of one of the woofers. (ie. If one of the identical woofers normally
[quoted text clipped - 31 lines]
>>
>> Scott Gardner
geolemon - 25 May 2004 02:57 GMT
ATS Wrote:
> The appeal in using an isobaric setup was that you could use 1/2 th
> air
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
> Noel Hanback
Not really "twice as much money spent", because you'd never compare
single sub, to that same sub in a pair, mounted isobaric.  They'd b
two completely different animals.

A more appropriate comparison would be to one of today's mor
expensive, "small box subs", to an isobaric pair of less expensive
lower powerhandling, larger enclosure (and therefore inherently highe
efficiency) subwoofers.

As per Hoffman's Iron Law, the following three items are mutuall
exclusive in a subwoofer/enclosure alignment:
1) small enclosure size
2) low frequency extension
3) high efficiency

The "small box sub" must inherently trade off either low frequenc
extension, or efficiency (or both) to accomplish 'small enclosure size
performance.
Usually, low frequency extension is also desired... so efficiency i
traded off.
Now, because you've got a less efficient sub, it's appropriate to mak
it handle more power, so it can actually get loud in that smal
enclosure... because you'll need to stuff lots of wattage into it t
get it that loud.

Traditional "cheap subs" aren't "small box subs".  They are usually
simple happy medium, with decent low frequency extension, goo
efficiency, and needing a medium-large enclosure.  The fact that the
don't handle as much power even makes them more efficient... th
smaller gauge wire means more turns in the magnetic gap at any give
moment, resulting in higher efficiency.  The "lighter duty
construction often makes for a lower moving mass, resulting in mor
efficiency.

When looked at this way, it's not hard to find opportunities fo
isobaric alignments...
..even though so, so many subs today are "small box subs".

The flaw in the thought process of those stating "twice the cost", i
that they are thinking of taking two "small box subs", and using the
in an isobaric pair.  
That's not your most eligable candidates... I'd almost say you'd neve
do that. ;)

Another benefit of Isobaric alignments is that they iron ou
nonlinearities in the driver... at least when mounted clamshell (fac
to face).
If you picture the movement of a half-roll surround, and picture
cutaway of a sub moving in slow motion, you'd see that the half rol
deforms differently on an in-stroke compared to an out-stroke.
Also, some subs might not necessarily be electrically assemble
on-center.

When two subs are mounted mounted this way (clamshell isobaric), n
matter what phase of the signal, one sub is always moving in relativ
to it's basket, while the other sub is moving out relative to it'
basket... the cones move together.  ;)

Of course, this isn't specific to isobaric... you could do the sam
thing with two subs in a standard enclosure... mount one magnet out
one magnet in.
But... that's not really apples to apples, in the scope of "what sub
would suit THIS specific install?"... just like the consideration of
single small-box sub with the consideration of two small box subs i
isobaric... you are talking about a different animal, suited to
different install. ;)

I consider it simply something to open up your options, given a
install that can yield a certain size enclosure.
Sometimes, isobaric can even save you money, and gain you efficiency..
because you'd really never consider using the same subs isobaric vs
non-isobaric, in the scope of prospecting for a specific singl
install. ;
--
geolemo
n8 skow - 25 May 2004 19:05 GMT
Enter the Memphis LVS...
A single-woofer solution designed to keep the moving-mass more linear...

Though the pricing is somewhat disheartening...
=/
n8

> Not really "twice as much money spent", because you'd never compare a
> single sub, to that same sub in a pair, mounted isobaric.  They'd be
[quoted text clipped - 69 lines]
> non-isobaric, in the scope of prospecting for a specific single
> install. ;)
Tha Ghee - 02 Jun 2004 02:20 GMT
> That makes sense.  I thought that the volume requirement of two subs
> in an isobaric enclosure was equal to that of one sub in a
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> Scott Gardner

think in 96 the best amp was the RF punch 500 and most subs would only
handle 500 watts or less, so this makes sense.
Nousaine - 25 May 2004 02:33 GMT


>I haven't seen many isobaric subwoofer enclosures in recent years, and
>while they were extremely popular for a while, looking back at it I
[quoted text clipped - 20 lines]
>
>Scott Gardner

I think that people just figured out that the idea was total bullshit. The
"line" on a compound woofer was that you could save enclosure space because
using a compound woofer halved the Vas of a single unit.

While that may have been of some advantage with a 12-ft3 enclosure it wasn't
really a big deal with car boxes BECAUSE you still had to "house" the basket.

Work it out; you need 1 ft3 for a woofer. You make it a compound woofer and you
need 0.5 ft3 but you still have the basket sticking out of the enclosure. So
the real space saving was never more than perhaps 15-20%.

Plus you doubled the driver cost AND you wasted the entire piston area of the
2nd woofer.

"Isobaric" was always a high-end audio term (originally used by Linn-Sondek)
for the idea of a compound woofer....using a 2nd driver to reduce compliance by
50% of a single unit...and with regard to audio performance it was always
bullshit and remains so today.
geolemon - 25 May 2004 16:42 GMT
Nousaine Wrote:

> I think that people just figured out that the idea was tota
> bull****. The
[quoted text clipped - 24 lines]
> always
> bull**** and remains so today.

This arguement only holds water if you are looking at th
expense/performance of a given driver, compared to using THAT SAM
given driver in an isobaric pair...
..which you'd never do, it wouldn't make sense from many angles
whether you want to look at expense, or efficiency, or suitability to
given prospective space that's been allocated for use in a particula
car - as I mentioned above.

If you instead compare the performance of a single "small box" sub tha
would suit your space and response requirements, to two DIFFERENT sub
that individually DON'T - but do when coupled isobarically - the
suddenly more options open up for you.
Sometimes, isobaric can even save you money, and gain you efficiency
compared to the single sub route.

Remember Hoffman's Iron Law... ;
--
geolemo
Tha Ghee - 02 Jun 2004 02:19 GMT
> I haven't seen many isobaric subwoofer enclosures in recent years, and
> while they were extremely popular for a while, looking back at it I
[quoted text clipped - 20 lines]
>
> Scott Gardner

they were also good, because they were big before DVC subs, you left out the
part about doubling the cone area also.  if I remember correctly there was
something significant or advantageous about the air trapped between the two
cones.

but this is what made Kickers Solobaric a household name was this
function/simulation of enclouser.
 
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