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Car Forum / Ford / Ford Explorer / January 2005

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Error Code 306 - `97 Explorer

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Cory - 07 Jan 2005 01:14 GMT
My `97 Explorer Limited - V8 (137,000 miles) started missing
yesterday.  
The miss is most noticable during light-moderate acceleration.  As
well as when going up a hill.  Typically it seems to idle smoothly.

Autozone scanned it and came up with an error code 306.
The tech pulled out his flip chart and said the code indicated a
mis-fire on cylinder 6.
He said it could be:
1) a spark plug/wire problem (I had replaced both ~ 30,000 miles ago)
2) a vacuum problem
3) a problem with the catalytic convertor

Any thoughts/ideas from the group would be appreciated.
Any suggestions on what to check first.

T.I.A.

Cory
Jim Warman - 07 Jan 2005 02:13 GMT
The techs flip chart is lacking...... I can't see a catalytic converter
affecting one cylinder only (one bank, perhaps, but not one cylinder). Other
things... faulty fuel injector or wiring, compression, coil, valve
spring....

I'd start with inspecting the plug wire.... check inside the boot for carbon
tracking, pull off the coil end and inspect the inside of the boot and the
coil tower for carbon tracking. Test the wire with an ohm-meter...... I
would expect to see 4000ish to 9000ish ohms. Remove the spark plug.... look
for fouling, carbon tracking - especially on the outside porcelain. Test the
compression... without compression, nothing else is going to matter.

Once we know the basics are good, we can start looking further afield. I
wish I had a dollar for every time someone has thrown vast amounts of money
at something only to find out that there wasn't enough motor left to fix....

> My `97 Explorer Limited - V8 (137,000 miles) started missing
> yesterday.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>
> Cory
Happy Traveler - 07 Jan 2005 05:16 GMT
Jim,

Not to argue with your expertise, which is a thousand times superior to
mine, I have to point just one thing from my experience (and possibly
training as an electrical engineer):
Obviously, out of range resistance indicates a problem, but an OK resistance
reading is nowhere near a guarantee that the wire is good. All kinds of
'interesting' things can happen at 20,000 Volts that this measurement can't
tell you about. In my case (a failure at 35,000 miles, and another one at
about the same age, of a replacement wire; both OEM), the problem was not an
open connection, but insulation failure. This apparently caused arcing
somewhere, but I could not see any evidence. The 'proper' way to diagnose
this is to scope the ignition, and if a problem is found on just one
cylinder, replacing that wire and retesting. A short cut for someone who has
no access to an oscilloscope could be to swap the wires between two
cylinders, and check if the failure follows the wire (last digit of the code
matches the cylinder where the suspect wire was moved to).

> I'd start with inspecting the plug wire.... check inside the boot for carbon
> tracking, pull off the coil end and inspect the inside of the boot and the
> coil tower for carbon tracking. Test the wire with an ohm-meter...... I
> would expect to see 4000ish to 9000ish ohms. Remove the spark plug.... look
> for fouling, carbon tracking - especially on the outside porcelain. Test the
> compression... without compression, nothing else is going to matter.
Jim Warman - 07 Jan 2005 06:54 GMT
I guess I could have been a bit more clear on the "inspect wire" part.....
What we're looking for, along with cuts and abrasions, is "lightning
strikes" - some of these are very obvious, some aren't. Using a scope is no
guaranty of finding faulty insulation. At idle, required voltage (the
pressure required to ionize the spark plug gap) is much less than required
voltage at a wide open throttle romp. The first gap to ionize will be the
gap requiring the least voltage. At idle, this may be the spark plug gap -
under load, it may be an "unauthorized" gap somewhere else in the system.

A "poor mans" insulation test is to have someone perform a brief stall test
on a dark night while watching the engine compartment (disable the underhood
lamp, first). Bear in mind that there are no transmissions that enjoy stall
testing. The heat built in the torque converter is astounding...... Any
stall test should be followed by a couple of minutes of high idle in neutral
to remove heat from the converter.

Jumping into the wayback machine with Prof Peabody (if you can remember
that, you're in trouble), we return to my youth. First I must point out that
we are talking breaker point ignition, here, and available voltage was much
lower than what we see now. We took a 100 foot roll of bulk spark plug wire
and ran it out to the parking lot and back leaving several feet between the
two lays to avoid any EMF induced activity. The wire was the usual Hypalon
insulated, carbon impregnated cotton core wire that we used then. Good
quality connectors and boots were installed at the distributor cap and plug.
I can't recall what we measured with an ohm-meter (other than we did indeed
have continuity), but the scope pattern looked exactly like the other
cylinders in the motor. Bear in mind that a resistance indicates some kind
of continuity where a gap is a gap and no resistance can be implied.

Without specialized equipment, we are reduced to other methods. Admittedly,
some of these methods aren't as good as what's available but they suffice.
Some of the testing available isn't going to mean much to most observers
without specialized training (good ol' Catch 22). We have to remember that
there are those coming to the NG because they are cash strapped and shop
time can mean the difference between Kraft dinner and hamburger. Others are
trying to save money now in order to prepare for their golden years. For
whatever reason..... I can't see overspending on a repair nor can I
understand underspending on a repair.(what with the chance of repeat
failure).

I realize that many don't have experience in my area of expertise (but I'm
smart enough to know that they have expertise that I can only dream of in
other areas) and I try to keep stuff simple. One big problem involves those
actions that have become "unconscious"..... I do them without thinking about
them and forget to tell people that I do them.... I document everything on
the back of my RO..... if I don't think real hard, I can "perform" the
diagnosis and repair in a half-dozen lines of text. If I itemize every
operation, I can produce reams of paper....

> Jim,
>
[quoted text clipped - 23 lines]
> the
> > compression... without compression, nothing else is going to matter.
 
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