Answer #1: Through the hollow pushrods. (You referenced a 5.0 V-8. Not
all engines do it this way and not all engines have hollow pushrods)

Answer #2: Uh, by gravity I guess. If you are talking about oil from
the head, it goes to the pan via the oil drain holes. It gets into the
head from the hollow pushrods, lubricates the rocker arms and the valve
stems, marginally, and then returns to the oil pan by the force of
gravity.

Answer #3: The oil starts in the pan, goes through the oil pump pickup
tube, the oil pump, the filter, and then to the  rest of the engine.

BTW, if you are just starting to learn about engines, the 5.0 is a
great engine to get your hands dirty with. Parts are plentiful, cheap,
and the engine is simplistic.

So The only way oil gets to the head in 5.0's is thru the pushrods. Right?
And it drains back into the pan thru the drain holes. So if the push rods
were interupted the oil would still flow thru the filter and if redirected
it wouldn't mess up anything as long as it went back to the drain holes?

If I am missing anything here let me know. I want to thank you helping me
with this. It cleared up allot.

D.L. Man

For about $10 you can go to most auto parts stores and get a book /shop
manual, either general topics or Ford specific, which will have plenty of
words and pictures that will provide much more than a few responses here -
and also include much about the rest of the car. Even if you don't want to
work on your car yourself, it's a good idea to know something about it so
you can keep yourself from getting fooled by a dishonest service shop.
These manuals typically devote many pages to engine text, photos and
drawings.
Ciao
Brian in Seattle