Car Forum / Antique and Collectibles / Studebaker / August 2006
Who killed the electric car (OT)
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rkapteyn@ameritech.net - 10 Aug 2006 15:05 GMT It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the radio interview http://audio.wegoted.com/podcasting/80706PaineChris.mp3
The common notion has always been that electric cars polute thru the smoke stacks of the power plants. It is difficult to throttle down a power plant at night ,being either coal or nuclear. At night when the electric cars are being charged there is an excess of power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand.
Mike Hunter - 10 Aug 2006 15:33 GMT Not quite correct my friend there is never an excess of power being wasted, only of capacity. During times of lower demand the 'third' generating stage units, like those gas turbine generators that use NG, are taken off line. Second stage like oil fired plants can be cut back as well, yet supply the same steam pressure for a slower running generator. Not the 'first' stage plants like a nuke plant and those that burn waist fuels, like culm burners. Nukes always run at full tilt since they are the most efficient and cleanest. Coal plant are not cut as soon because coal is so much cheaper than oil or NG ;)
mike hunt
> It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. Robert Black - 10 Aug 2006 19:24 GMT Mike your right on,are you a power plant operator?
> Not quite correct my friend there is never an excess of power being > wasted, only of capacity. During times of lower demand the 'third' [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] >> power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. >> Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. Sven Golly - 11 Aug 2006 03:34 GMT > Not quite correct my friend there is never an excess of power being > wasted, only of capacity. During times of lower demand the 'third' [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > tilt since they are the most efficient and cleanest. Coal plant are > not cut as soon because coal is so much cheaper than oil or NG ;) DING!! Give this man a ceegar for getting it right. Throw significant wind power into the mix and you have some interesting loading problems.
Charging electric cars at night still requires more of something.
 Signature Sven Golly Yah sure by gosh by yumpin' yiminy Trolling as usual Change the "_" to "." to reply by email
Rich - 11 Aug 2006 05:25 GMT This is an interesting issue for me. Obviously, electric cars utiilize electricity and current battery technology is limiting. The company I work for is making prototype parts for a well funded startup company here in the Seattle area, Neah Power Systems. They are attempting to develop alternatives to Alkaline, Lithium Ion and other more common stored energy batteries. If interested, read up on them at www.neahpower.com
I've talked with some of their Engineers and they believe such batteries may be real options for powering vehicles of all types. Might be worth a stock investment, eh!
Best regards, Rich
Richard Morris Renton, WA 1964 Avanti R-1 #5367 1990 Avanti 4-door #78
Grumpy AuContraire - 11 Aug 2006 13:16 GMT With the current trend in gas prices, some form of electric vehicle will become viable (for most) within the next five to six years and the core of such will be new battery technology.
That is if the whole world does not turn to crap in a handbasket in the meantime...
JT
> This is an interesting issue for me. Obviously, electric cars utiilize > electricity and current battery technology is limiting. The company I [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > 1964 Avanti R-1 #5367 > 1990 Avanti 4-door #78 Pat Drnec - 10 Aug 2006 15:50 GMT Awwww, you'll be sorry.... wanna borrow my asbestos suit?
> It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand.
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"Life is not a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in a pretty and well preserved body, but rather to skid in broadside, thoroughly used up, totally worn out, and loudly proclaiming -- WOW--What a Ride!!!" ----- Unknown
1953 Starlight Coupe 1954 Starlight Coupe R1/4-speed 1958 Silver Hawk 1960 Frua Italia Larks (2 - they're here!) 1962 Lark VI 1962 Lark Convertible 1963 Avanti R2 R4324 1963 Lark Cruiser (R2 3/4 clone in progress) 1963 GT Hawk 1963 Daytona Wagonaire 1964 Cruiser (Survivor) 1954 3R11 1956 2E7 2004 Porsche Carrera 4S 2000 Ducati 748 2002 Jeep Overland http://homepage.mac.com/pdrnec/PhotoAlbum81.html
N8N - 10 Aug 2006 16:17 GMT > It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. There's really only two problems with electric cars.
1) currently available energy storage devices (i.e. batteries) take up far more space and weigh far more than an equivalent amount of gasoline or Diesel fuel for the same amount of work delivered to the wheels (even factoring in inefficiencies of an internal combustion engine.) What this means is greater weight and at the same time shorter range than an equivalent fossil-fueled vehicle.
2) if *everyone* started driving electric cars today, there'd be far more demand on electric power plants than there is now; we probably do not currently have enough capacity to run them all. Certainly not in the areas that are already experiencing power issues already!
I ASSume that there are some very smart people working on problem 1) and if they ever get it licked there'll certainly be pressure to resolve problem 2). Aside from the lack of the familiar noises that we all know and love, electric cars do have a lot to like about them - perfectly flat torque across a wide range of RPMs for instance, meaning a 1- or 2-speed transmission would be perfectly adequate, and acceleration might actually improve. Also no idling at stop lights means greater efficiency, and also regenerative braking can be used in hilly areas or stop and go traffic.
nate
me@notanywhere.net - 11 Aug 2006 02:55 GMT On 10 Aug 2006 08:17:53 -0700, you wrote:
> Aside from the lack of the familiar noises that we >all know and love, wifes boss has a Prius...ther Toyota, however you spell it.. gets about 53+ mpg.. they have a name for them in a parking lot.. widow makers? people do NOT hear it coming and step off the curb in front of them..
electric cars do have a lot to like about them -
>perfectly flat torque across a wide range of RPMs for instance, meaning >a 1- or 2-speed transmission would be perfectly adequate, and >acceleration might actually improve. Also no idling at stop lights >means greater efficiency, and also regenerative braking can be used in >hilly areas or stop and go traffic. see the Toyota- flip a lever on a long downhill and thats what it does..
some bright folks in CA so He heard, were yanking the battery packs, and replacing with different type, and wired in a house current to battery voltage battery charger.. thereby gettting in the 250MPG range due to the MUCH higher capacity of the replacement batteries.. cost like a quarter or so to charge the car each night..
--Shiva--
Stuuder - 10 Aug 2006 18:15 GMT I wish I still had my truck, it did what I wanted it to do, 40mile range, top speed of 80 mph about .80 to charge it ...when a Kwh was .055........technology is coming out with super capacitors, lighter and last virtually forever, the down fall of flooded lead acid batteries. I think the Russians were experimenting with super caps for passenger buses.....
http://www.geocities.com/stuuder/STUUDERS_STUDES.html?1009727899790
Stuuder
> It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. Gordon Richmond - 10 Aug 2006 20:55 GMT >It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the >radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] >power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. >Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. Nobody "killed" the electric car. They've been there from the very earliest days of the automobile. Remember the first motorized Studebaker was electric.
I haven't seen the movie, but I've read enough about it to get the idea that it floats some sort of conspiracy theory about the GM EV-1. There was no conspiracy; GM was straighforward in telling its LESSEES that their leases were for a limited term, and when that term had expired, they WOULD return the cars to GM, no ifs, ands, or buts. The whole purpose of the exercise was to see how a (then) new-technology electric car would perform in real-world use. They did their exercise, got their data, and recalled the cars, as per the program. Sure, some of the users whined about it, but they had no justification.
Those cars were practically hand-built, and much too expensive to mass-produce in their day.
When it comes to electric cars, you have a choice. Buy or build a low-tech model with limted range, but with an affordable price. There are a few "boutique" manufacturers, and there are also vendors who will sell you motors, controllers, batteries, and whatnot so you can convert an existing car or build one outright.
Or you can buy a high-tech job using expensive Li-ion batteries, and it may have performance in the sports-car class (e.g. the Tesla), but at an exotic-car price.
IMHO, if you want to see electric cars make a real inroad into the marketplace, the thing to do is to lobby your politicians for several incentives:
1. get electric cars with less than 100 miles range and less than 60 mph top speed exempted from NHTSA bumper and crash standards, and have the manufacturers legally held harmless from any lawsuits resulting from the lack of said safety features. The effect of this would be to make it a lot easier for a small-cap startup company to get into the electric car business.
2. lobby your city/county politicians to enact a property tax holiday for all residential and commercial parking spaces dedicated to the exclusive use of electric cars, and equipped with charging facilities; to apply to both new construction and to retro-fits. (I see the need for some mechanism to verify that such spaces actually DO get used by electric cars.)
I figure #1 would act to increase the supply of electric cars in the marketplace, and #2 would act to create a demand, and neither one would cost the government a great deal of money until electric cars became commonplace, at which point the incentives could be phased out.
Right now, the major player in the industry seem to be stuck in the mindset that an electric car has to be able to substitute 1 for 1 with a gasoline car. Unless batteries improve by an order of magnitude, that can't happen. Why not settle for a niche car for a niche market? Could still be a pretty profitable niche. If you could sell an electric car to 10% of the two+ car families out there, how many could you sell?
Gord Richmond
studebaker8@shaw.ca - 10 Aug 2006 21:29 GMT > Nobody "killed" the electric car. They've been there from the very earliest days of the > automobile. Remember the first motorized Studebaker was electric. [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > Those cars were practically hand-built, and much too expensive to mass-produce in their > day. Yep, not unlike what Chrysler did in 1963 with the Turbine car. None were ever sold outright.
> IMHO, if you want to see electric cars make a real inroad into the marketplace, the thing > to do is to lobby your politicians for several incentives:
> Right now, the major player in the industry seem to be stuck in the mindset that an > electric car has to be able to substitute 1 for 1 with a gasoline car. Unless batteries > improve by an order of magnitude, that can't happen. Why not settle for a niche car for a > niche market? Could still be a pretty profitable niche. If you could sell an electric car > to 10% of the two+ car families out there, how many could you sell? The Saskatchewan government did order a couple of Elec-Trek cars in 1982 for evaluation (one of which is on display in the Western Development Museum in Moose Jaw), and found extreme cold weather operation was a major hindrance, as did GM which limited the EV-1 to the southern states. For the time being, the hybrids are probably the way to go right now. Toyota seems to be a firm believer in them, as they are about to introduce a flagship Lexus hybrid shortly.
Craig Parslow
Alex Magdaleno - 11 Aug 2006 05:38 GMT The problem with your theory, is that yes, they cost too much to make. How did destroying them save them any money? The real reason the car companies don't like electric cars is that they need much less maintenance and repairs. Most dealerships would go broke if not for the money they make on repairs.
> >It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the >>radio interview [quoted text clipped - 87 lines] > > Gord Richmond djvirto - 11 Aug 2006 08:27 GMT Has anyone every heard of someone doing a homebrew electric conversion to a Studebaker? Or are they too heavy? How about a Crosley?.. getting a hold of one of those light weight classic suckers would give you the excuse to build yourself a home-built short range tin-can electric car like the $3000 ones we hear about being sold in India maybe? Yeah you could do a VW Rabbit but wouldn't a Crosley or a Studebaker be at least a dozen times cooler?
I am really curious to hear about any projects you guys have done or heard about.
As for the GM EV1, I followed the news about it keenly when they were put on the road, and even got to see one at Epcot on display. I seem to recall that the real problem was something anyone who has used deep cycle lead acid batteries over a period of time can relate to- the batteries slowly lose their capacity. It would be easier if they would simply crap out, but instead they just slowly wear and have less and less life in them. When do you decide that your electric car's range has gotten too low?- after the first time you don't make it all the way home from work or should you wait until this has happened a couple of times?
Let's say your car has a bank of 20 deep cycle lead acid batteries (better improve that Crosely suspension I guess :) ).. at at least $50 each, that's a $1000 expense. I wonder how long a regular commute would take to wear out a battery pack like that to where it gets down to 75% of it's original range?.. to half? Do you make shorter and shorter runs with longer charge times and more and more days long desulfate cycles to try to squeeze out the remaining value or do you opt to trash your batteries regularly and put in new ones (I hope your back is in better shape than mine if you are doing this yourself)... Depends on your personality and income I guess, but this all seems like a recipe for anxiety to me.
Actually, I'm not trying to sink the idea, because anything is a better alternative to waiting until peak oil trashes our economy and society, but I am curious if anyone has figured out a strategy to deal with these kinds of problems. Also, I still have a Studebaker in need of a powerplant, if it's at all practical I might think about putting in some kind of electric fun if anyone has some personal experience to tell me that it's not an insane idea. Alternatively I still have that GM 250 lined up. I know if I get that in it will be the envy of the Studebaker community. :)
-patrick
Gordon Richmond - 11 Aug 2006 10:59 GMT >The problem with your theory, is that yes, they cost too much to make. How >did destroying them save them any money? It saved them the cost of having to provide spare parts, and it saved them from potential legal liabilites if those EV-1 started having safety issues or frequent breakdowns as the miles piled up.
> The real reason the car companies don't like electric cars is that they >need much less maintenance and repairs. Most dealerships would go broke if >not for the money they make on repairs. And most dealerships are NOT owned by the manufacturers, who simply regard dealers as a necessary evil. If electric cars need fewer parts and less frequent service, the manufacturers would save a bundle on the cost of maintaining parts inventories.
Not to mention that periodic need for replacement batteries would ensure a steady cash flow.
I will grant you that the manufacturers have a problem, but it's not that they are engaged in some nefarious conspiracy; it's that they appear blind to the apparent existence of a niche market that WOULD buy short-range, moderate-speed electric commuter cars if they were sold and supported by established names in the industry.
Instead, the big makers keep hanging their collective hat on the so-far unattainable goal of building an electric car which has comparable range and performance to a gasoline car, which will never happen barring a truly remarkable improvement in battery technology. They've set themselves a practically unreachable goal, and given up trying to attain the attainable.
I really think there is a place for electric cars in our transportation mix; that's why I advocated the measures in my previous post. I really do believe they'd help jumpstart the market. If my work/living situation called for a short-range urban commute, I'd sure be thinking about doing an electric conversion to some little econobox for the daily grind, and keep the Studes and the Suburban for weekends and road trips. Where I live now, only two towns are within reasonable battery range for me, and I don't WORK there. There's simply no prospect of me saving money by investing $$$ and weeks into an electric vehicle for the occasional 6 mile round trip to the grocery store and post office.
Gord Richmond
Alex Magdaleno - 11 Aug 2006 16:11 GMT Several things wrong here. The safety issues would be no more than with any other car. They don't recall and destroy other cars. There is profit, not loss from making and selling spare parts. The electric cars need less spare part than other cars.
> >The problem with your theory, is that yes, they cost too much to make. > >How [quoted text clipped - 56 lines] > > Gord Richmond studebaker8@shaw.ca - 11 Aug 2006 16:55 GMT > Several things wrong here. > The safety issues would be no more than with any other car. They don't > recall and destroy other cars. I'd ask a HAZMAT crew about the effects of all the spilled battery acid should one get involved in a serious accident. I know it is taken real seriously on a jobsite where any electric forklift, or scissor-lift, etc., falls over and spills its contents on the ground. So imagine on a public roadway.
Craig.
Alex Magdaleno - 12 Aug 2006 22:08 GMT I've worke on Hazmat calls. Put some absorbent on it and bag it up.
>> Several things wrong here. >> The safety issues would be no more than with any other car. They don't [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > Craig. Stuuder - 25 Aug 2006 04:56 GMT I carried a couple of boxes of baking soda in my electric, its all organic and easily diluted with water unlike gasoline or diesel........... Stuuder
> >> Several things wrong here. [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > > Craig. Gordon Richmond - 11 Aug 2006 20:17 GMT >Several things wrong here. >The safety issues would be no more than with any other car. They don't >recall and destroy other cars. >There is profit, not loss from making and selling spare parts. > The electric cars need less spare part than other cars. Point is, they weren't a finished consumer product. They didn't have a production line for them or for most of the parts. They were deliberately leased out for a short term, and when that term was up they were recalled and crushed. Nothing wrong has been done. Lessees were told up-front that's the way it was to be. Nobody put a gun to their head and made them sign on the lease under those terms. If they signed on the lease under those terms, in the hopes that they could later change the terms, then they were fools, weren't they?
The profit in spare parts comes from the fact that you have many thousands of cars in the hands of buyers, and statistically speaking, X number of parts must go wrong and need replacement. With many of the cars presently sold sharing platforms and body components, it's possible to have acceptable parts coverage without stocking a huge inventory. With the EV-1 being quite different from any other GM product, it would be necessary to stock a complete range of special parts to fit it alone, despite there being only a few hundred examples in existence. (Basically the same reason Avantis now sit on a Ford or GM platform, depending on which year you have. Avanti can outsource the mechanical parts issue to the majors.)
If GM had allowed EV-1s to be sold off, I could just see some activist like Ralph Nader buying one used, and then suing GM for a huge sum because of some perceived defect, or because he couldn't get a new flux capacitor within 3 business days. GM would have been literally making a big fat target of themselves, had they allowed the EV-1s to remain in the hands of the public. Unfortunate, but true.
But if you want an EV-1, you ought to be able to build yourself a reasonable facsimile. You might even get a better car, because technology has advanced since then.
How about a fiberglass C/K body on an aluminum frame, with an electric motor and Li-ion batteries?
Gord Richmond
Jeff DeWitt - 12 Aug 2006 04:26 GMT Or how about one of those fancy aluminum Avanti frames with a body and some other goodies from one of those famous "cheap Avanti's"?
Put a compact generator in it and you could even turn it into a hybrid!
Jeff DeWitt
>>Several things wrong here. >>The safety issues would be no more than with any other car. They don't [quoted text clipped - 32 lines] > > Gord Richmond Oujdeivß - 12 Aug 2006 05:23 GMT what aluminum Avanti frame?
> Or how about one of those fancy aluminum Avanti frames with a body and > some other goodies from one of those famous "cheap Avanti's"? [quoted text clipped - 60 lines] >> >> Gord Richmond
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Jeff DeWitt - 12 Aug 2006 19:28 GMT A while back someone had a link to a company that was building custom aluminum frames and they specifically mentioned Avanti.
Just double checked, it wasn't aluminum, it was stainless.
http://www.electro-dynamics.com/
click on "Automotive" and it's the top button.
Wasn't cheap though.
Jeff DeWitt
> what aluminum Avanti frame? > [quoted text clipped - 62 lines] >>> >>> Gord Richmond Pat Drnec - 12 Aug 2006 21:53 GMT That frame should work for a Lark body, shouldn't it? Fiberglass fenders, trunk and back seat full of batteries.....
> A while back someone had a link to a company that was building custom > aluminum frames and they specifically mentioned Avanti. [quoted text clipped - 75 lines] >>>> >>>> Gord Richmond
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The only label that fits: http://www.capitolhillblue.com/artman/publish/article_6966.shtml
"Life is not a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in a pretty and well preserved body, but rather to skid in broadside, thoroughly used up, totally worn out, and loudly proclaiming -- WOW--What a Ride!!!" ----- Unknown
1953 Starlight Coupe 1954 Starlight Coupe R1/4-speed 1958 Silver Hawk 1960 Frua Italia Larks (2 - they're here!) 1962 Lark VI 1962 Lark Convertible 1963 Avanti R2 R4324 1963 Lark Cruiser (R2 3/4 clone in progress) 1963 GT Hawk 1963 Daytona Wagonaire 1964 Cruiser (Survivor) 1954 3R11 1956 2E7 2004 Porsche Carrera 4S 2000 Ducati 748 2002 Jeep Overland http://homepage.mac.com/pdrnec/PhotoAlbum81.html
Gordon Richmond - 13 Aug 2006 11:03 GMT >That frame should work for a Lark body, shouldn't it? Fiberglass >fenders, trunk and back seat full of batteries..... Pat, most stainless I've handled is heavier than mild steel in the same size. Full of nickle and chromium, etc. which are denser than good old iron.
A Zip van would be a good candidate for an electric Studebaker. Keep it in postal livery and park in loading zones, LOL.
Gord Richmond
rkapteyn@ameritech.net - 25 Aug 2006 02:13 GMT Toyota also made an all electric car (modified RAV4) They started to do the same thing as GM and did not renew the leases. A huge protest action at Toyota dealerships made Toyota change their minds and gave the lessors an option to buy the car. My daughter leased a EV1 and was very happy with it. The car was hauled back to a storage lot in Burbank after the lease ran out. My daughter tried to buy the car but GM did not respond. A vigil was organised in Burbank and hundreds of protesters showed up. An offer was made to GM to buy the cars at new owners risk with the cars being sold as salvage vehicles with no liability to GM. The cars were crushed any way. Toyota being a more responsible company sold their electric RAV 4's. My daughter is very happy with their RAV4 and put solar cells on her roof to charge the car. My youngest son has a Lexus We all have Toyota products now and my oldest son just ordered a Toyota Camry Hybrid. There is a 6 month waiting period because so many are being sold. I am all for buying from American products but I despise GM. There would not have been Ralph Nader problems if GM had simply put a "Hold Harmless" clause when they sold these beautifull cars to the former owners as salvage vehicles. Saturn did an ad at one time where they destroyed hundreds of Saturn cars because they did not meet their standards. They could have brought these up to their standards and not destroy these. I hate waste!!!!.
R.B.Kapteyn
Jeffrey DeWitt - 25 Aug 2006 02:32 GMT I hate waste too, and really hate it when a neat car is destroyed for no apparent reason.
However since the EV1 was a purpose built electric car instead of a converted gasoline one like the Toyota the parts issues would have been a lot more severe then for the Toyota.
No matter what papers were signed I'm sure GM could see the lawyers circling and just didn't want the hassle, expense, and potential liability you can't really blame them.
Besides, no one killed the electric car, it's alive an well...
http://www.teslamotors.com
Jeff DeWitt
> Toyota also made an all electric car (modified RAV4) > They started to do the same thing as GM and did not renew the leases. [quoted text clipped - 28 lines] > > R.B.Kapteyn Grumpy AuContraire - 25 Aug 2006 04:33 GMT > Toyota also made an all electric car (modified RAV4) > They started to do the same thing as GM and did not renew the leases. [quoted text clipped - 28 lines] > > R.B.Kapteyn It's amazing on how the American auto industry is destroying itself. I too would NEVER buy a domestic car these days.
I drive an old (but new to me) '83 Civic and currently am getting close to 40 mpg for mixed driving. The car has operated perfectly since being put back on the road in May after a 12 year sleep.
JT
(Who filled the tank today and it would only take 4.8 gallons...)
Dave's Place - 12 Aug 2006 00:44 GMT >If electric cars need fewer parts and less frequent service, the > manufacturers would save a bundle on the cost of maintaining parts inventories. Doesn't happen often, Gord, but ya lost me there. Parts inventories are marked up from cost of production, shipping, handling, warehousing, etc... plus a profit margin. Sure, there is a cost to inventorying parts... more than offset by mark-up. That's how businesses operate, and survive (profit!)
 Signature Dave Lester Dave's Place Home of the Internationally Renowned Studebakers, 'Sheba and Goliath See pictures at www.davesplaceinc.com
Jeff DeWitt - 11 Aug 2006 00:06 GMT Sorry Bob but I disagree, that movie is more about politics than it is about the electric car.
When the market and the technology is ready the cars will come along, but neither are there yet.
The Tesla guys are on the right track, and I wish them luck... if I had the money (and would fit) I might even buy one of the things.
http://www.teslamotors.com/index.php?js_enabled=1
Jeff DeWitt
> It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand. midlant@earthlink.net - 12 Aug 2006 19:47 GMT Point of Interest.
In 1991 I moved from San Jose to England.
The standard electrical rates there were about the same as those in San Jose with Pacific Gas & Electrical. BUTTTT, for seven hours in the middle of the night, it shifted "Economy Seven" and the electrical rate dropped by one-half!
They don't have Geothermal, like PG&E. Thay are not "nationalized." They don't have much in the way of high dams to provide electrical power. They do have some nukes. They also get nuke electicity from France in a small amount.) They do have multiple firms providing electricity, as with gas and phone service, to the individual homes. Take your choice and change anytime you want. Feel free to check this with anyone lived in GB in the 1990s, or who still do. (Feel free to pass this on to your electrical supplier, for that matter.)
(I feel that I am getting close to making this a political item, so will stop now.)
Karl
> It is important for all of you to see this movie and listen to the > radio interview [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > power that normally is being wasted in cooling lakes etc. > Charging the electric cars at night will even out the power demand.
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